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Bridging the gap: Neuro-Symbolic Computing for advanced AI applications in construction

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 727-735 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0266-0

摘要： Deep Learning (DL) has revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various domains such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing. However, DL models have limitations including the need for large labeled datasets, lack of interpretability and explainability, potential bias and fairness issues, and limitations in common sense reasoning and contextual understanding. On the other side, DL has shown significant potential in construction for safety and quality inspection tasks using CV models. However, current CV approaches may lack spatial context and measurement capabilities, and struggle with complex safety and quality requirements. The integration of Neuro-Symbolic Computing (NSC), an emerging field that combines DL and symbolic reasoning, has been proposed as a potential solution to address these limitations. NSC has the potential to enable more robust, interpretable, and accurate AI systems in construction by harnessing the strengths of DL and symbolic reasoning. The combination of symbolism and connectionism in NSC can lead to more efficient data usage, improved generalization ability, and enhanced interpretability. Further research and experimentation are needed to effectively integrate NSC with large models and advance CV technologies for precise reporting of safety and quality inspection results in construction.

关键词： advanced AI in construction safety and quality inspection Neuro-Symbolic Computing Deep Learning computer vision

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现代科学技术体系与大成智慧

戴汝为

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 4-8

摘要：

扼要地介绍了科学家钱学森提出的现代科学技术体系构思，并从现代科学技术体系出发对智能系统及大成智慧(meta-synthetic wisdom)研究进行了讨论。

关键词：现代科学技术体系大成智慧开放的复杂巨系统综合集成法思维科学

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基于人工智能的内容安全发展战略研究

朱世强,王永恒

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 67-74 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.004

摘要：

内容安全是指对信息内容的保护，以及信息内容符合政治、法律、道德层次的要求。人工智能的发展对内容安全产生了非常重要的影响。本文从基于人工智能的内容安全重大战略需求出发，梳理了国内外的研究现状与发展趋势，凝练了基于人工智能的内容安全的关键技术问题。研究提出，按照三步走的策略构建世界领先的基于人工智能的内容安全体系；在对抗性机器学习、可解释人工智能、混合增强智能、知识驱动的内容安全等方面开展技术创新突破，同时应注重政策法规和监管机制建设；建设面向内容攻防的网络靶场、面向舆情攻防的大规模社会系统模拟装置等内容安全重大基础设施。

关键词：人工智能，内容安全，体系建设

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Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 177-182 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0241-1

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我国企业人工智能应用现状与挑战

徐文伟,肖立志,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 173-183 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.010

摘要：在国家宏观层面，有必要构建更友好的AI产业生态环境，促进AI全产业链协同发展；以更有力的具体举措支持AI产业的技术研发，特别是全栈AI、AI基础平台及工具体系、AI根技术等，提高我国AI核心技术的自主可控能力；鼓励企业积极实施数字化转型，采用AI技术进行智能化升级，形成AI产业技术研发、企业AI落地创新的强耦合及双向循环。">6]，旨在构建值得全球信赖的AI中心，加强欧盟范围内AI的使用、投资和创新活动。

在我国，AI技术持续创新和突破，AI资源持续优化整合，AI产业结构逐渐完善。相应地，我国应高度重视AI产业发展，积极发布AI企业落地配套政策，引导国产AI根技术、基础平台、关键行业应用等层面的协调发展，以更好推动AI技术的产业集聚、促进AI与实体经济的深度融合。

建议支持AI产业链发展，扶持全栈AI国产化，完善AI基础平台及工具体系，培育国产AI根技术，提高AI核心技术的自主可控能力。

关键词：人工智能企业场景智能解决方案落地应用全栈AI AI根技术

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宜万铁路岩溶隧道施工地质技术

申志军

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 47-52

摘要：

以宜万铁路岩溶隧道的施工地质技术实践为例，介绍了施工地质作为工程勘察阶段工程地质勘探在施工阶段的延续，用以在施工过程中解决勘察阶段所没有或不能解决的工程地质问题。施工地质以超前地质预测预报为主体，以规避大型施工地质灾害为目的，在施工阶段针对可能发生的隧道围岩变更；可能存在的溶腔、断层构造、地下暗河的预测预报；可能引发的水文环境地质问题；工程竣工以后可能存在的隐伏地质病害等，在隧道施工环境条件下为保证施工进度、保证施工安全、保证工程效益、保证工程质量所进行的综合工程地质工作。施工地质包括综合超前地质预报、水文观测和隧道周边及隧底隐伏岩溶探查。

关键词：宜万铁路岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报水文监测

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先进制造业集群现代科技支撑体系建设研究

干勇,谢曼,廉海强,邹伟龙,王慧

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 22-28 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.003

摘要：

发展先进制造业集群是建设制造强国的必然要求，也是加快发展现代产业体系、实现高质量发展的关键举措，但科技创新能力不足成为制约我国制造业集群建设的突出问题。本文梳理了国外先进制造业集群科技支撑体系建设取得的成功经验，根据我国产业发展阶段特点并针对基础产业、关键战略产业和前沿技术产业，系统分析了不同类型制造业集群及科技支撑体系建设现状及存在的问题，梳理发展方向并提出不同类型制造业集群现代科技支撑体系的建设路径。研究认为，基础产业集群应提高产业集中度，提升产业集群智能化水平；关键战略产业集群应培育产业链链主企业，建设重大共性技术创新平台与中试平台；前沿技术产业集群应打造环高校和科研院所创新生态圈，加大新技术的示范应用。

关键词：先进制造业，产业集群，科技支撑体系，产业结构调整，共性技术创新平台

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Preface to special issue on “Advanced Materials and Catalysis”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1357-1359 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2119-x

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Intelligent high-speed cutting database system development

XIANG Kejun, LIU Zhanqiang, AI Xing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 180-188 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0038-x

摘要： In this paper, the components of a high-speed cutting system are analyzed firstly. The component variables of the high-speed cutting system are classified into four types: uncontrolled variables, process variables, control variables, and output variables. The relationships and interactions of these variables are discussed. Then, by analyzing and comparing intelligent reasoning methods frequently used, the hybrid reasoning is employed to build the high-speed cutting database system. Then, the data structures of high-speed cutting case base and databases are determined. Finally, the component parts and working process of the high-speed cutting database system on the basis of hybrid reasoning are presented.

关键词： control hybrid reasoning process component uncontrolled

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Discussion on advanced manufacturing

WANG Xiankui

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 251-262 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0044-4

摘要： Advanced manufacturing consists of continuity of manufacturing, its broad sense, and the core of the manufacturing process. The technology of continuous manufacturing is discussed according to both historical and modern perspectives. The relationship between human development and manufacturing technology is also discussed. Manufacturing is a continuously evolving topic. It is not only the foundation and means of imagination, conception, the science, and the technology of material change, but also the expression of national economy, national defense, and the support industries. The broad sense of manufacturing theory, which extends the concept of manufacturing, is an important development in the 20th century. The sense is analyzed in connection with design, material forming theory, synthesis of manufacturing technology, manufacturing modes, life cycle of product, hardware and software, and support environment, etc. At the same time, the core action and the development of the theory and technology of process is also discussed. At the end of this paper, the development directions of mechanical manufacturing science and technology are mentioned.

关键词： development national manufacturing process support environment mechanical manufacturing

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Application of AI techniques in monitoring and operation of power systems

David Wenzhong GAO, Qiang WANG, Fang ZHANG, Xiaojing YANG, Zhigang HUANG, Shiqian MA, Qiao LI, Xiaoyan GONG, Fei-Yue WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 71-85 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0589-4

摘要： In recent years, the artificial intelligence (AI) technology is becoming more and more popular in many areas due to its amazing performance. However, the application of AI techniques in power systems is still in its infancy. Therefore, in this paper, the application potentials of AI technologies in power systems will be discussed by mainly focusing on the power system operation and monitoring. For the power system operation, the problems, the demands, and the possible applications of AI techniques in control, optimization, and decision making problems are discussed. Subsequently, the fault detection and stability analysis problems in power system monitoring are studied. At the end of the paper, a case study to use the neural network (NN) for power flow analysis is provided as a simple example to demonstrate the viability of AI techniques in solving power system problems.

关键词： power system operation and monitoring artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning power flow analysis

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走向新一代智能制造 Perspective

周济, 李培根, 周艳红, 王柏村, 臧冀原, 孟柳

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 11-20 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.01.002

摘要：

智能制造是一个不断演进发展的大概念，可归纳为三个基本范式：数字化制造、数字化网络化制造、数字化网络化智能化制造——新一代智能制造。新一代智能制造是新一代人工智能技术与先进制造技术的深度融合，贯穿于产品设计、制造、服务全生命周期的各个环节及相应系统的优化集成，不断提升企业的产品质量、效益、服务水平，减少资源能耗，是新一轮工业革命的核心驱动力，是今后数十年制造业转型升级的主要路径。“人- 信息- 物理系统”（HCPS）揭示了新一代智能制造的技术机理，能够有效指导新一代智能制造的理论研究和工程实践。基于智能制造三个基本范式次第展开、相互交织、迭代升级的特征，推进制造业智能转型应采取“并行推进、融合发展”的技术路线。

关键词：先进制造新一代智能制造人- 信息- 物理系统新一代人工智能基本范式并行推进融合发展

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Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst for CH

Xiaohong LI, Jun AI, Wenying LI, Dongxiong LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 476-480 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0512-y

摘要： A co-precipitation method was employed to prepare Ni/Al O -ZrO , Co/Al O -ZrO and Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalysts. Their properties were characterized by N adsorption (BET), thermogravimetric analysis TGA , temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (CO -TPD), and temperature-programmed surface reaction (CH -TPSR and CO -TPSR). Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO bimetallic catalyst has good performance in the reduction of active components Ni, Co and CO adsorption. Compared with mono-metallic catalyst, bimetallic catalyst could provide more active sites and CO adsorption sites (C+ CO = 2CO) for the methane-reforming reaction, and a more appropriate force formed between active components and composite support (SMSI) for the catalytic reaction. According to the CH -CO -TPSR, there were 80.9% and 81.5% higher CH and CO conversion over Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst, and its better resistance to carbon deposition, less than 0.5% of coke after 4 h reaction, was found by TGA. The high activity and excellent anti-coking of the Ni-Co/Al O -ZrO catalyst were closely related to the synergy between Ni and Co active metal, the strong metal-support interaction and the use of composite support.

关键词： Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst composite support CH₄ reforming with CO₂

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中国人工智能的伦理原则及其治理技术发展 Review

吴文峻,黄铁军,龚克

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第3期页码 302-309 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.015

摘要：

伦理原则和治理技术对于人工智能（AI）的健康和可持续发展至关重要。为了实现AI造福人类社会这一长期目标，中国政府、研究机构和企业已经发布了AI的伦理原则，并启动了研究AI治理技术的项目。此外，本文总结了AI治理研究中所面临的主要挑战，并讨论了未来的研究方向。

关键词：人工智能伦理，人工智能治理技术，机器学习，隐私，安全，公平

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One-step synthesis of

Kuiyi YOU, Fangfang ZHAO, Xueyan LONG, Pingle LIU, Qiuhong AI, Hean LUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1218-0

摘要： A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of -caprolactam via the liquid phase nitrosation of cyclohexane and nitrosyl sulfuric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid has been developed. A series of novel AlVPO composites were prepared by an impregnation method and the composites were then employed to catalyze the nitrosation reaction of cyclohexane and nitrosyl sulfuric acid. Compared to the reaction using fuming sulfuric acid, the selectivity for the desired product was significantly improved using this one-step catalytic process. This method affords a shortcut to prepare -caprolactam and its analogs from cyclohexane.

关键词： cyclohexane ?-caprolactam AlVPO composite catalysts one-step synthesis concentrated sulfuric acid